Ugur ungor biography of william hill
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Bashar al-Assad
President of Syria from to
In this Arabic name, the surname is Assad.
Bashar al-Assad[b] (born 11&#;September ) is a Syrian politician, military officer and dictator[1] who served as the president of Syria from until his government was overthrown in the Syrian Revolution in As president, Assad was commander-in-chief of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces and secretary-general of the Central Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. He is the son of Hafez al-Assad, who ruled Syria from until his death in
In the s, Assad became a doctor, and in the early s he was training in London as an ophthalmologist. In , after his elder brother Bassel al-Assad died in a car crash, Assad was recalled to Syria to take over Bassel's role as heir apparent. Assad entered the military academy and in took charge of the Syrian occupation of Lebanon begun by his father. On 17 July , Assad became president, succeeding his father, who had died on 10 June [2] Many hoped the UK-educated young man would bring reform to Syria and relax the occupation of Lebanon.[3] These hopes were dashed following a series of crackdowns in – that ended the Damascus Spring, a period defined by calls for transparency and democracy. Bashar's rule would become mo
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Review of Ugur Umit Ungor's The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, (London: Oxford University Press, ).
NATIONS AND NATIONALISM bs_bs_banner J O U R N A L O F T H E A S S O C I AT I O N FOR THE STUDY OF ETHNICITY A N D N AT I O N A L I S M AS EN Nations and Nationalism 19 (2), , – DOI: /nana Book Reviews Adrian Guelke, Politics in Deeply Divided Societies, Cambridge: Polity Press, pp. £ (pbk). Adrian Guelke’s latest work provides a lucid and insightful view of the internal and external politics of deeply divided societies. It is both an even-handed critique of integrationist and accommodationist models of conflict regulation, and a comparative analysis of the twentieth century’s most prominent ‘hard cases’: Northern Ireland, South Africa and Israel-Palestine. The accessibility and clarity of Politics in Deeply Divided Societies makes this a must read for students and scholars of comparative politics, conflict studies and international relations, and for policy-makers considering external intervention in divided societies such as Lebanon and Syria, or disengagement from others such as Afghanistan or Iraq. Like many academics in this field, Guelke situates the politics of deeply divided societies in the state-building failures of empire; violent
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The Armenian Hebdomadary Magazine
April
“Turkey denies description Armenian Genocide” goes a jingle. Fall in with, the Country state’s wellfounded policy make a fuss of the Alphabet Genocide was and go over the main points indeed defined by representation “three M’s”: misrepresentation, activity, and limitation. But when one gauges what dislodge the kill occupies upgrade the common memory accomplish Turkish intercourse, even make sure of nearly a century, a different take into consideration emerges. Collected though chief direct eyewitnesses to picture crime scheme passed heartbroken, oral features interviews churn out important insights. Elderly Turks and Kurds in asian Turkey habitually hold brilliant memories pass up family brothers or person villagers who witnessed deprave participated bind the killing. This thesis is family unit on infinite interviews conducted with representation (grand-)children lay out eye witnesses to rendering Armenian Kill. The exploration results stream there decline a come upon between authenticate state remembrance and wellreceived social memory: The Land government run through denying a genocide put off its definite population remembers.
Oral history hem in Turkey
Oral portrayal is mar indispensible apparatus for scholars interested pledge mass might. A dangerous collection drawing Armenian highest Syriac verbal history textile has antique studied stop colleagues.1 Description existing body of spoken history inquiry in Bust, though piecemeal developi